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Hanan Dery Honored as a Scientific American Top 50 Technical Leader of 2007
The Board of Editors of Scientific American has cited Assistant Professor Hanan Dery as one of its top 50 technical leaders of 2007. Dery is being honored specifically as a research leader for developing the spintronics logic gate.
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Professor Judith Pipher Inducted into National Women's Hall of Fame
Professor Judith Pipher was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame on October 6, 2007 for the exceptional advances she's made in the field of infrared astronomy, for her excellence as a teacher, and for her role as mentor to a new generation of young female scientists.
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Bone Graft Strength Accurately Predicted:
Reduces Surgery, Enables New Therapy for Bone Regeneration
(Assistant Professor Hani Awad, Biomedical Engineering and Orthopaedics)
October 19, 2007: A team led by Dr. Hani Awad at the Center for Musculoskeletal Research (CMSR) has developed a method to accurately predict the strength of in-vitro bone grafts in a preclinical model. Clinical researchers may soon use this methodology to aid in conducting clinical trials of new therapies for bone grafts enrolling only dozens, not thousands, of patients. In addition, rather than undergo multiple surgeries for years, a patient can now have scans done of his damaged bone, allowing doctors to choose the best regenerative treatment and to change the course of the treatment based on non-invasive imaging.
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Embryonic Solar System Assembly Seen for the First Time
(Professor Dan Watson, Physics & Astronomy)
August 29, 2007: Using NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope, a team of astronomers led by Professor Dan M. Watson of the University of Rochester has observed the onset of planetary-system formation, a process nobody has seen until now. The group's exciting first look at the creation of an embryonic solar system yields many new insights about the physics and chemistry of evolving astronomical objects.
Publishing their results in the August 30, 2007 issue of Nature, the researchers note that the Spitzer Space Telescope enabled them to see water, in the form of ice, "raining" from a cloud enveloping the infant star NGC 1333-IRAS 4B approximately 1,000 light years away from Earth. The ice is vaporizing as it lands supersonically on a dense, dusty disk surrounding the baby star, a long-sought phenomenon called a disk-accretion shock. In time, planets will form within the dusty disk.
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Professor Esther M. Conwell Wins Prestigious ACS Award for Encouraging Women into Careers in the Chemical Sciences
(Professor Esther M. Conwell, Physics & Astronomy, Chemistry)
August 22, 2007: The American Chemical Society (ACS) announced on August 20, 2007 that Esther M. Conwell, Professor of Physics and Chemistry at the University of Rochester, is the winner of the 2008 ACS Award for Encouraging Women into Careers in the Chemical Sciences. The award recognizes one scientist each year who has significantly encouraged the education and professional development of women as chemists and chemical engineers. Funded by The Camille & Henry Dreyfus Foundation, Inc., it consists of $5,000 to the scientist and $10,000 to an academic institution of her choice. Professor Conwell will receive the award in New Orleans on April 8th.
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Ballistic Electronics: Low-Power Room-Temperature Nanoscale Terahertz Transistors
(Senior Scientist and Research Professor Marc J. Feldman, Electrical and Computer Engineering)
June 15, 2007: For the past few years, ECE Professor Marc J. Feldman has been designing low-power Terahertz transistors using two-dimensional electron gases (2DEG) inside structures that are smaller than 100 nanometers in size. The room-temperature devices are known as ballistic deflection transistors (BDTs) because they bounce electrons off nano-deflectors to create digital output.
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New Technique Precisely Controls Temporal Pulse Shape in Inertial Confinement Fusion
(Laboratory for Laser Energetics)
May 8, 2007: The team of scientists William R. Donaldson, John Marciante, and Rick Roides of the University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE) has created a diagnostic and control system tool that precisely controls the temporal pulse shape in Inertial Confinement Fusion. One of the world's most powerful experimental laser facilities is currently the OMEGA at the LLE, which delivers more than 30 kilojoules of ultraviolet laser light to a spherical target consisting of the hydrogen isotopes deuterium and tritium.
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Quantum Cryptography: Unbreakable Code under the Laws of Physics
(Professor Roman Sobolewski, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Physics, and Materials Science; Senior Scientist, Laboratory of Laser Energetics)
May 3, 2007: In the January-February 2007 issue of the Journal of Modern Optics, Professor Roman Sobolewski and his team at the University of Rochester, working with Moscow, Zurich/Delft, and Warsaw groups, announced a new receiver for superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) that is especially useful for applications such as quantum cryptography and quantum communications. An SSPD is a nanostructured superconducting structure known for ultrafast, efficient detection of visible-to-infrared photons. In Professor Sobolewski's quantum cryptography system, photons with two separate polarizations (such as vertical and horizontal) can be simultaneously counted using two parallel channels. The receiver, designed for telecommunications wavelengths, is based on two fiber-coupled Niobium Nitrate (NbN) SSPDs operating at 4.2 Kelvin inside a liquid helium container. NbN is a metallic compound that operates as a superconductor when immersed in liquid helium at near absolute zero. Both the optical and electrical connections are outside the container at room temperature. Because the system operating time between helium refills is approximately two months, from a user's standpoint, the whole receiver is regarded as a "room-temperature-like" apparatus.
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Nanoscale Conductors: Predicting & Measuring Single-Electron Currents
(Assistant Professor Andrew Jordan, Physics & Astronomy)
March 12, 2007: In a major contribution to nanoscale electronics that has a direct bearing on the future development of quantum information processing in the solid state, Assistant Professor Andrew Jordan of the University of Rochester Physics & Astronomy Department announced today that he can successfully predict the statistical rate of flow of single-electron current through a quantum dot (QD) interacting with a quantum point contact (QPC) channel. Working with several other physicists, Jordan's paper in today's Nature Physics,
documents the first experimental work that completely characterizes the single-electron transport statistics of nanoscale conductors. Jordan worked closely with fellow theorist Eugene V. Sukhorukov of the University of Geneva to create the theoretical model and statistical predictions. Key points are: the QPC current has an overall statistical influence over the QD current; given an observed QPC current, Jordan can predict the QD current probability distribution; and given an observed QD current, he can predict the QPC current probability distribution.
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Ultra-Sensitive Measurements of Changes in Images using Slow Light
(Assistant Professor John Howell, Physics & Astronomy)
January 22, 2007: Assistant Professor John Howell and his Quantum Optics team at the University of Rochester have discovered a way to manipulate a light field while retaining all of the information it carries. A considerable advance in imaging technology, the new method detects subtle changes in an image over time. Using photons and atomic vapor in what is known as imaging with slow light, the new technique precisely slows the image while retaining all of its properties.
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Controlling Electrical Properties of Organic
Semiconductor Materials
(Professor Yongli Gao, Physics & Astronomy; Professor Yonathan Shapir, Physics & Astronomy;
Assistant Professor Serkan Zorba, Physics & Astronomy at Whittier College)
January 18, 2007: University of Rochester physicists have learned why Pentacene, the leading candidate for developing organic semiconductors, conducts electricity in inconsistent ways rather than with predictable electrical properties. Specifically, Professors Yongli Gao and Yonathan Shapir, with Gao's PhD student Serkan Zorba (now an Assistant Professor at Whittier College), discovered that Pentacene is the first known substance with two basic growth mechanisms that combine to form thin films with unique fractal patterns. These fractal growths are why other researchers have found inconsistent electrical properties in layers of Pentacene.
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